Imagine a classroom full of students. How many students does it take so that we reach a 50% probability that 2 of them share the same birthday? There are 365 days in a year, and we’re looking for a 50% probability, then it must be 365/2 = ~182 students, right? Not even close! It actually only takes 23 students. This is known as the birthday paradox. The principle extends further: when considering a class of…